Abstract: (submitter)
The fact that the B-particles emitted by radioactive bodies are not homogeneous, but give a continuous spectrum, cannot be reconciled with what is known from oc-disintegration and other sources as regards the quantized states of nuclei, unless the assumption is made that a second particle, other than the observed electron, is emitted in such processes. The hypothesis which has been proposed by Pauli is that this particle is a neutrino . . . I h , an unobserved particle With small mass, no charge, and spin 5 2—) . Whatever the particle, 77' such a hypothesis accounts for the fact that the ,B-ray energy spectrum has a finite upper limit, which will be reached on those occasions when the second particle has very little or no energy. An alternative hypothesis developed in this paper is that the second particle is a positive or negative electron, which is subsequently captured by the nucleus, following laws not yet known. With the most primitive form of these hypotheses, the angular momentum would be distributed in a statistical manner, like the energy, and it is shown that this leads to the prediction that negative electrons of small energy would be freely emitted; to avoid this, it is necessary to introduce a special selection rule. Some justification for this is found in the assignment to groups of free nuclear charges of a quantum number j, which must not however be held to have the same definite mechanical interpretation inside the nucleus as it has outside. . The theory fits in well with a number of observed facts, such as the Sargent curves, and the order of magnitude of the decay constants.
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