Cumulants and correlation functions of net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Abdallah, Mohamed; Adam, Jaroslav; Adamczyk, Leszek; Adams, Joseph; Adkins, Kevin; Agakishiev, Geydar; Aggarwal, Ishu; Aggarwal, Madan; Ahammed, Zubayer; Alekseev, Igor

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.104.024902

Cumulants and correlation functions of net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

STAR

Collaboration

Jan 29, 2021

34 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.C 104 (2021) 2, 024902,
Phys.Rev.C 111 (2025) 2, 029902 (erratum)

Published: Aug 5, 2021
and
Published: Feb 10, 2025

e-Print:

2101.12413 [nucl-ex]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevC.104.024902 (publication),
10.1103/PhysRevC.111.029902 (erratum)

Experiments:

BNL-RHIC-STAR

View in:

pdfdatasets

reference search175 citations

Citations per year

Abstract: (APS)

We report a systematic measurement of cumulants,

C_{n}

, for net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions, and correlation functions,

κ_{n}

, for proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions up to the fourth order in

Au + Au

collisions at

\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7.7

, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4, and 200 GeV. The

C_{n}

and

κ_{n}

are presented as a function of collision energy, centrality and kinematic acceptance in rapidity,

y

, and transverse momentum,

p_{T}

. The data were taken during the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program (2010–2017) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (

| y | <

0.5) and transverse momentum

0.4 < p_{T} < 2.0 GeV / c

, using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe a nonmonotonic energy dependence (

\sqrt{s_{N N}}

= 7.7–62.4 GeV) of the net-proton

C_{4} / C_{2}

with the significance of

3.1 σ

for the 0–5% central

Au + Au

collisions. This is consistent with the expectations of critical fluctuations in a QCD-inspired model. Thermal and transport model calculations show a monotonic variation with

\sqrt{s_{N N}}

. For the multiparticle correlation functions, we observe significant negative values for a two-particle correlation function,

κ_{2}

, of protons and antiprotons, which are mainly due to the effects of baryon number conservation. Furthermore, it is found that the four-particle correlation function,

κ_{4}

, of protons plays a role in determining the energy dependence of proton

C_{4} / C_{1}

below 19.6 GeV, which cannot be understood by the effect of baryon number conservation.

Note:

34 pages, 25 figures, 8 tables

anti-p: multiplicity
correlation function: two-particle
baryon number: conservation law
heavy ion: scattering
beam: energy
Brookhaven RHIC Coll
transverse momentum
energy dependence
transport theory
fluctuation

References(162)

Figures(25)

[1]

An Experimental Exploration of the QCD Phase Diagram: The Search for the Critical Point and the Onset of De-confinement

STAR

Collaboration

•

M.M. Aggarwal
(
- Panjab U.
)

et al.

e-Print:
- 1007.2613

[2]

BES-II White Paper (STAR Note), https://drupal.star.bnl.gov/STAR/starnotes/public/sn0598

[3]

The Order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics

Y. Aoki
(
- Wuppertal U.
)
,
G. Endrodi
(
- Eotvos U.
)
,
Z. Fodor
(
- Wuppertal U. and
- Eotvos U.
)
,
S.D. Katz
(
- Wuppertal U. and
- Eotvos U.
)
,
K.K. Szabo
(
- Wuppertal U.
)

- Nature 443 (2006) 675-678
•
e-Print:
- hep-lat/0611014
•
DOI:
- 10.1038/nature05120

[4]

Quark gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The Perspective from the BRAHMS experiment

BRAHMS

Collaboration

•

I. Arsene
(
- Bucharest U.
)

et al.

- Nucl.Phys.A 757 (2005) 1-27
•
e-Print:
- nucl-ex/0410020
•
DOI:
- 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.130

[5]

The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC

PHOBOS

Collaboration

•

B.B. Back
(
- Argonne
)

et al.

- Nucl.Phys.A 757 (2005) 28-101
•
e-Print:
- nucl-ex/0410022
•
DOI:
- 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.084

[6]

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

PHENIX

Collaboration

•

K. Adcox
(
- Vanderbilt U.
)

et al.

- Nucl.Phys.A 757 (2005) 184-283
•
e-Print:
- nucl-ex/0410003
•
DOI:
- 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086

[7]

Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions

STAR

Collaboration

•

John Adams
(
- Birmingham U.
)

et al.

- Nucl.Phys.A 757 (2005) 102-183
•
e-Print:
- nucl-ex/0501009
•
DOI:
- 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085

[8]

Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program

STAR

Collaboration

•

L. Adamczyk
(
- AGH-UST, Cracow
)

et al.

- Phys.Rev.C 96 (2017) 4, 044904
•
e-Print:
- 1701.07065
•
DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevC.96.044904

[9]

Is there still any $T_c$ mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III

Wuppertal-Budapest

Collaboration

•

Szabolcs Borsanyi
(
- Wuppertal U.
)

et al.

- JHEP 09 (2010) 073
•
e-Print:
- 1005.3508
•
DOI:
- 10.1007/JHEP09(2010)073

[10]

Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials

HotQCD

Collaboration

•

A. Bazavov
(
- Michigan State U., East Lansing (main)
)

et al.

- Phys.Lett.B 795 (2019) 15-21
•
e-Print:
- 1812.08235
•
DOI:
- 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013

[11]

Observation of an Energy-Dependent Difference in Elliptic Flow between Particles and Antiparticles in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

STAR

Collaboration

•

L. Adamczyk

et al.

- Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 14, 142301
•
e-Print:
- 1301.2347
•
DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.142301

[12]

Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons, and Pions in Au+Au Collisions

STAR

Collaboration

•

L. Adamczyk
(
- AGH-UST, Cracow
)

et al.

- Phys.Rev.Lett. 112 (2014) 16, 162301
•
e-Print:
- 1401.3043
•
DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.162301

[13]

Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{ \mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV

STAR

Collaboration

•

L. Adamczyk
(
- AGH-UST, Cracow
)

et al.

- Phys.Rev.Lett. 121 (2018) 3, 032301
•
e-Print:
- 1707.01988
•
DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.032301

[14]

Beam-energy dependence of charge separation along the magnetic field in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

STAR

Collaboration

•

L. Adamczyk
(
- AGH-UST, Cracow
)

et al.

- Phys.Rev.Lett. 113 (2014) 052302
•
e-Print:
- 1404.1433
•
DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.052302

[15]

Phase structure of three and four flavor QCD

Christian S. Fischer
(
- Giessen U.
)
,
Jan Luecker
(
- Heidelberg U. and
- Frankfurt U.
)
,
Christian A. Welzbacher
(
- Giessen U.
)

- Phys.Rev.D 90 (2014) 3, 034022
•
e-Print:
- 1405.4762
•
DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.034022

[16]

Locate QCD Critical End Point in a Continuum Model Study

Chao Shi
(
- Nanjing U. and
- Beijing, Inst. Theor. Phys.
)
,
Yong-Long Wang
(
- Nanjing U. and
- Linyi, Norm. U.
)
,
Yu Jiang
(
- Zhejiang Normal U. and
- Beijing, Inst. Theor. Phys.
)
,
Zhu-Fang Cui
(
- Nanjing U. and
- Beijing, Inst. Theor. Phys.
)
,
Hong-Shi Zong
(
- Nanjing U. and
- Beijing, Inst. Theor. Phys.
)

- JHEP 07 (2014) 014
•
e-Print:
- 1403.3797
•
DOI:
- 10.1007/JHEP07(2014)014

[17]

QCD phase transitions via a refined truncation of Dyson-Schwinger equations

Fei Gao
(
- Peking U., SKLNPT and
- Peking U. and
- CICQM, Beijing
)
,
Yu-xin Liu
(
- Peking U., SKLNPT and
- Peking U. and
- CICQM, Beijing and
- Peking U., CHEP
)