Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth and Sixth-Order Net-proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC - INSPIRE

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Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth and Sixth-Order Net-proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC

STAR

Collaboration

Jul 20, 2022

8 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.Lett. 130 (2023) 8, 082301

Published: Feb 24, 2023

e-Print:

2207.09837 [nucl-ex]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.082301 (publication)

Experiments:

BNL-RHIC-STAR

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reference search38 citations

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Abstract: (arXiv)

We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants (

C_{5}

,

C_{6}

) and factorial cumulants (

\kappa_{5}

,

\kappa_{6}

) of net-proton and proton distributions, from

\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3 - 200

GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The net-proton cumulant ratios generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at

\sqrt{s_{NN}}

= 3 GeV.

C_{6}/C_{2}

for 0-40% centrality collisions is increasingly negative with decreasing

\sqrt{s_{NN}}

, while it is positive for the lowest

\sqrt{s_{NN}}

studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (at baryon chemical potential,

\mu_{B} \leq

110 MeV) that include a crossover quark-hadron transition. In addition, for

\sqrt{s_{NN}} \geq

11.5 GeV, the measured proton

\kappa_{n}

, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component shape of proton distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyper-order proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density,

\mu_{B}\sim 750

MeV (

\sqrt{s_{NN}}

= 3 GeV) is starkly different from those at vanishing

\mu_{B}\sim 20

MeV (

\sqrt{s_{NN}}

= 200 GeV and higher).

Note:

10 pages, 8 figures

beam
potential: chemical
quark hadron: transition
quantum chromodynamics: thermodynamics
baryon: density: high
quantum chromodynamics: matter
STAR
experimental results
3-200 GeV-cms/nucleon

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