Chiral Soliton Lattice turns into 3D crystal

Chiral perturbation theory predicts the chiral anomaly to induce a so-called Chiral Soliton Lattice at sufficiently large magnetic fields and baryon chemical potentials. This state breaks translational invariance in the direction of the magnetic field and was shown to be unstable with respect to charged pion condensation. Improving on previous work by considering a realistic pion mass, we employ methods from type-II superconductivity and construct a three-dimensional pion (and baryon) crystal perturbatively, close to the instability curve of the Chiral Soliton Lattice. We find an analogue of the usual type-I/type-II transition in superconductivity: along the instability curve for magnetic fields eB > 0.12 GeV

^{2}

and chemical potentials μ < 910 MeV, this crystal can continuously supersede the Chiral Soliton Lattice. For smaller magnetic fields the instability curve must be preceded by a discontinuous transition.

Note:

32 pages, 7 figures; v2: small addition to the outlook, references added, version to appear in JHEP

Anomalies in Field and String Theories
Chiral Lagrangian
Finite Temperature or Finite Density
Phase Diagram or Equation of State
soliton: lattice
soliton: chiral
potential: chemical
pi: condensation
perturbation theory: chiral
magnetic field: stability

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