Accessibility of Color Superconducting Quark Matter Phases in Heavy-ion Collisions

We discuss a hybrid equation of state (EoS) that fulfills constraints for mass-radius relationships and cooling of compact stars. The quark matter EoS is obtained from a Polyakov-loop Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with color superconductivity, and the hadronic one from a relativistic mean-field (RMF) model with density-dependent couplings (DD-RMF). For the construction of the phase transition regions we employ here for simplicity a Maxwell construction. We present the phase diagram for symmetric matter which exhibits two remarkable features: (1) a 'nose'-like structure of the hadronic-to-quark matter phase border with an increase of the critical density at temperatures below T ~ 150 MeV and (2) a high critical temperature for the border of the two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase, T_c > 160 MeV. We show the trajectories of heavy-ion collisions in the plane of excitation energy vs. baryon density calculated using the UrQMD code and conjecture that for incident energies of 4 ... 8 A GeV as provided, e.g., by the Nuclotron-M at JINR Dubna or by lowest energies at the future heavy-ion collision experiments CBM@FAIR and NICA@JINR, the color superconducting quark matter phase becomes accessible.

Note:

5 pages, 1 figure, Poster presented at the XXVI. Max Born Symposium 'Three Days of Strong Interactions', Wroclaw (Poland), July 9-11, 2009

11.30.Rd
11.10.Wx
12.38.Mh
color: superconductivity
quark: matter
quark: superconductivity
Jona-Lasinio-Nambu model: Polyakov loop
heavy ion: scattering
excited state: energy
baryon: density

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