Particle Emission Rates from a Black Hole: Massless Particles from an Uncharged, Nonrotating Hole
Jan, 19769 pages
Published in:
- Phys.Rev.D 13 (1976) 198-206
Citations per year
Abstract: (APS)
Hawking has predicted that a black hole will emit particles as if it had a temperature proportional to its surface gravity. This paper combines Hawking's quantum formalism with the black-hole perturbation methods of Teukolsky and Press to calculate the emission rate for the known massless particles. Numerical results indicate that a hole of mass M≫1017 g should emit a total power output of 2×10−4ℏc6G−2M−2, of which 81% is in neutrinos, 17% is in photons, and 2% is in gravitons. These rates plus an estimate for the emission rates of massive particles from smaller holes allow one to infer that a primordial black hole will have decayed away within the present age of the universe if and only if its initial mass was M<(5±1)×1014 g.- ASTROPHYSICS
- PARTICLE: EMISSION
- EMISSION: PARTICLE
- PARTICLE: MASSLESS
- NEUTRINO: EMISSION
- EMISSION: NEUTRINO
- PHOTON: EMISSION
- EMISSION: PHOTON
- EMISSION: GRAVITON
- QUANTUM MECHANICS
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