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Phantom Dirac-Born-Infeld Dark Energy

Oct 12, 2017

11 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.D 98 (2018) 8, 083531

Published: Oct 23, 2018

e-Print:

1710.04458 [astro-ph.CO]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevD.98.083531

Report number:

IFIC-17-37,
FTUV-17-07-03,
IFIC/17-37

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Abstract: (APS)

Motivated by the apparent discrepancy between cosmic microwave background measurements of the Hubble constant and measurements from Type-Ia supernovae, we construct a model for dark energy with equation of state w=p/ρ<-1, violating the null energy condition. Naive canonical models of so-called “phantom” dark energy require a negative scalar kinetic term, resulting in a Hamiltonian unbounded from below and associated vacuum instability. We construct a scalar field model for dark energy with w<-1, which nonetheless has a Hamiltonian bounded from below in the comoving reference frame, i.e., in the rest frame of the fluid. We demonstrate that the solution is a cosmological attractor, and find that early-time cosmological boundary conditions consist of a “frozen” scalar field, which relaxes to the attractor solution once the dark energy component dominates the cosmological energy density. We consider the model in an arbitrary choice of gauge, and find that, unlike the case of comoving gauge, the fluid Hamiltonian is in fact unbounded from below in the reference frame of a highly boosted observer, corresponding to a nonlinear gradient instability. We discuss this in the context of general NEC-violating perfect fluids, for which this instability is a general property.

Note:

14 pages, 4 figures. V2: Major revisions. New section added on gradient instabilities in non-comoving gauge. Abstract and conclusions changed

Cosmology
dark energy: phantom
null-energy condition: violation
field theory: scalar
vacuum: stability
boundary condition
Hamiltonian
Hubble constant
cosmic background radiation
equation of state

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