Exact hydrodynamic attractor of an ultrarelativistic gas of hard spheres - INSPIRE

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Exact hydrodynamic attractor of an ultrarelativistic gas of hard spheres

Gabriel S. Denicol
(
- Niteroi, Fluminense U.
)
,
Jorge Noronha
(
- Illinois U., Urbana and
- Sao Paulo U.
)

Aug 26, 2019

6 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.Lett. 124 (2020) 15, 152301

Published: Apr 14, 2020

e-Print:

1908.09957 [nucl-th]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.152301

View in:

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Abstract: (arXiv)

We derive the general analytical solution of the viscous hydrodynamic equations for an ultrarelativistic gas of hard spheres undergoing Bjorken expansion, taking into account effects from particle number conservation, and use it to analytically determine its attractor at late times. Differently than all the cases considered before involving rapidly expanding fluids, in this example the gradient expansion converges. We exactly determine the hydrodynamic attractor of this system when its microscopic dynamics is modeled by the Boltzmann equation with a fully nonlinear collision kernel. The exact late time attractor of this system can be reasonably described by hydrodynamics even when the gradients are large.

Note:

7 pages, 2 figures; version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Nuclear Physics
hydrodynamics: viscosity
particle number: conservation law
expansion: gradient
expansion: Bjorken
Boltzmann equation
attractor
sphere
gas
nonlinear

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Figures(2)

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