Higher-form Gauge Symmetries in Multipole Topological Phases

Jul 10, 2020
25 pages
Published in:
  • Annals Phys. 422 (2020) 168297
  • Published: Nov, 2020
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Abstract: (Elsevier)
In this article we study field-theoretical aspects of multipolar topological insulators. Previous research has shown that such systems naturally couple to higher-rank tensor gauge fields that arise as a result of gauging dipole or subsystem U(1) symmetries. Here we propose a complementary framework using electric higher-form symmetries. We utilize the fact that gauging 1-form electric symmetries results in a 2-form gauge field which couples naturally to extended line-like objects: Wilson lines. In our context the Wilson lines are electric flux lines associated to the electric polarization of the system. This allows us to define a generalized 2-form Peierls’ substitution for dipoles that shows that the off-diagonal components of a rank-2 tensor gauge field Aij can arise as a lattice Peierls factor generated by the background antisymmetric 2-form gauge field. This framework has immediate applications: (i) it allows us to construct a manifestly topological quadrupolar response action given by a Dixmier–Douady invariant – a generalization of a Chern number for 2-form gauge fields – which makes plain the quantization of the quadrupole moment in the presence of certain crystal symmetries; (ii) it allows for a clearer interpretation of the rank-2 Berry phase calculation of the quadrupole moment; (iii) it allows for a proof of a generic Lieb–Schultz–Mattis theorem for dipole-conserving systems.
Note:
  • 23+2 pages, 8 figures
  • Topological phases
  • Electric polarization
  • Interacting systems
  • Higher-form gauge fields
  • gauge field theory: tensor
  • symmetry: gauge
  • flux: electric
  • phase: topological
  • Wilson loop
  • dipole