Nuclear reactions relevant to Big-Bang nucleosynthesis - INSPIRE

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Nuclear reactions relevant to Big-Bang nucleosynthesis

Isabela Tišma

2021

Supervisors:

Thesis: PhD

Ljubljana U.

(2021)

Published: 2021

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Abstract: (Ljubljana U.)

The theoretical predictions of primordial abundances of the light stable isotopes

{}^{2}

H,

{}^{3}

He,

{}^{4}

He, and

{}^{7}

Li are largely constrained by the experimental uncertainties in the rates of nuclear reactions that occurred during BBN. The observed primordial deuterium abundance has reached a one percent precision, and the same level of precision should be achieved on the BBN-predicted result. The aim of this work was to improve our knowledge of the astrophysical S-factor for the

{}^{2}

H(p,

\gamma

)

{}^{3}

He reaction, as it affects significantly the reaction rate and primordial deuterium abundance. The

{}^{2}

H(p,

\gamma

)

{}^{3}

He reaction was studied in the energy range of interest for BBN. Its differential cross section at

135^{\circ}

, and

\gamma

-ray angular distributions at

90^{\circ}

and

135^{\circ}

were measured in a series of experiments using two deuterated titanium targets, and two HPGe detectors. The compositions of the targets were determined with the NRA and RBS techniques. The S-factor was obtained in the center-of-mass energy range

E

= 97--210 keV. The achieved systematic uncertainty (10%) of the present measurements did not allow an evaluation of different theoretical S-factor calculations. Thus, more accurate data are needed at BBN energies. To check the lithium abundance problem, the effect of electron screening on the rates of nuclear reactions relevant for BBN was investigated. It was found that the electron screening effect is too small to have a notable impact on reaction rates in BBN temperature range, and hence also on the primordial abundances of light element isotopes. Additionally, the

E

= 259 keV resonance in the

{}^{14}

N(p,

\gamma

)

{}^{15}

O reaction was measured in normal and inverse kinematics, in order to confirm large electron screening in inverse kinematics reactions, as some previous studies suggest. The results obtained indicate smaller resonance strength values in inverse kinematics. The reason for this behaviour is currently unknown, and will be provided by the next generation of experiments.

low-mass nuclear reactions
electron screening
Big-Bang nucleosynthesis
elemental abundances
radiative capture

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