Unveiling dark fifth forces with linear cosmology

Archidiacono, Maria; Castorina, Emanuele; Redigolo, Diego; Salvioni, Ennio

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/074

Unveiling dark fifth forces with linear cosmology

Maria Archidiacono
(
- Milan U.
)
,
Emanuele Castorina
(
- Milan U. and
- CERN
)
,
Diego Redigolo
(
- INFN, Florence and
- CERN
)
,
Ennio Salvioni
(
- CERN and
- Padua U. and
- INFN, Padua
)

Apr 18, 2022

54 pages

Published in:

JCAP 10 (2022) 074,
JCAP 10 (2022) 074

Published: Oct 24, 2022

e-Print:

2204.08484 [astro-ph.CO]

DOI:

10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/074

Report number:

CERN-TH-2022-066

View in:

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Abstract: (IOP)

We initiate the exploration of the cosmology of dark fifth forces: new forces acting solely on Dark Matter. We focus on long range interactions which lead to an effective violation of the Equivalence Principle on cosmological scales today. At the microscopic level, the dark fifth force can be realized by a light scalar with mass smaller than the Hubble constant today (≲ 10

^{-33}

eV) coupled to Dark Matter. We study the behavior of the background cosmology and linear perturbations in such a Universe. At the background level, the new force modifies the evolution of the Dark Matter energy density and thus the Hubble flow. At linear order, it modifies the growth of matter perturbations and generates relative density and velocity perturbations between Dark Matter and baryons that grow over time. We derive constraints from current CMB and BAO data, bounding the strength of the dark fifth force to be less than a percent of gravity. These are the strongest constraints to date. We present potential implications of this scenario for the Hubble tension and discuss how our results are modified if the light scalar mediator accounts for the observed density of the Dark Energy. Finally, we comment on the interplay between our constraints and searches for violations of the Equivalence Principle in the visible sector.

Note:

54 pages, 15 figures. v2: revision of Section 6, now including atomic clock constraints; added Table 1 summarizing the main results; extended discussion of BAO; added several references. Matches version to appear in JCAP. v3: fixed some incorrect equations, all results and figures unaffected. Updated with latest experimental constraints from MICROSCOPE and atomic clocks

baryon acoustic oscillations
cosmological perturbation theory
dark matter theory
particle physics - cosmology connection
equivalence principle: violation
dark energy: density
matter: perturbation
interaction: long-range
velocity: perturbation
perturbation: linear

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