Direct measurement of the $^{3}$He$^{+}$ magnetic moments - INSPIRE

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Direct measurement of the $^{3}$ He $^{+}$ magnetic moments

Jun 8, 2022

6 pages

Published in:

Nature 606 (2022) 7916, 878-883,
Nature (2022)

Published: Jun 8, 2022

e-Print:

2206.05943 [physics.atom-ph]

DOI:

10.1038/s41586-022-04761-7

View in:

reference search29 citations

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Abstract: (Springer)

Helium-3 has nowadays become one of the most important candidates for studies in fundamental physics

^{1–3}

, nuclear and atomic structure

^{4,5}

, magnetometry and metrology

^{6}

, as well as chemistry and medicine

^{7,8}

. In particular,

^{3}

He nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes have been proposed as a new standard for absolute magnetometry

^{6,9}

. This requires a high-accuracy value for the

^{3}

He nuclear magnetic moment, which, however, has so far been determined only indirectly and with a relative precision of 12 parts per billon

^{10,11}

. Here we investigate the

^{3}

He

^{+}

ground-state hyperfine structure in a Penning trap to directly measure the nuclear g-factor of

^{3}

He

^{+}{g}_{I}^{{\prime} }=-\,4.2550996069(30{)}_{{\rm{stat}}}(17{)}_{{\rm{sys}}}

, the zero-field hyperfine splitting

{E}_{{\rm{HFS}}}^{\exp }=-\,8,\,665,\,649,\,865.77{(26)}_{{\rm{stat}}}{(1)}_{{\rm{sys}}}

Hz and the bound electron g-factor

{g}_{e}^{{\rm{\exp }}}=-\,2.00217741579(34{)}_{{\rm{stat}}}(30{)}_{{\rm{sys}}}

. The latter is consistent with our theoretical value

{g}_{e}^{{\rm{theo}}}=-\,2.00217741625223(39)

based on parameters and fundamental constants from ref.

^{12}

. Our measured value for the

^{3}

He

^{+}

nuclear g-factor enables determination of the g-factor of the bare nucleus

{g}_{I}=-\,4.2552506997(30{)}_{{\rm{stat}}}(17{)}_{{\rm{sys}}}(1{)}_{{\rm{theo}}}

via our accurate calculation of the diamagnetic shielding constant

^{13}{\sigma }_{{}^{3}{\mathrm{He}}^{+}}=0.00003550738(3)

. This constitutes a direct calibration for

^{3}

He NMR probes and an improvement of the precision by one order of magnitude compared to previous indirect results. The measured zero-field hyperfine splitting improves the precision by two orders of magnitude compared to the previous most precise value

^{14}

and enables us to determine the Zemach radius

^{15}

to

{r}_{Z}=2.608(24)

fm.

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