Trace anomaly form factors from lattice QCD

Collaboration
Jan 10, 2024
13 pages
Published in:
  • Phys.Rev.D 109 (2024) 9, 094504
  • Published: May 1, 2024
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Abstract: (APS)
The hadron mass can be obtained through the calculation of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in the hadron which includes the trace anomaly and sigma terms. The anomaly due to conformal symmetry breaking is believed to be an important ingredient for hadron mass generation and confinement. In this work, we will present the calculation of the glue part of the trace anomaly form factors of the pion up to Q24.3GeV2 and the nucleon up to Q21GeV2. The calculations are performed on a domain wall fermion ensemble with overlap valence quarks at seven valence pion masses varying from 250 to 540MeV, including the unitary point 340MeV. We calculate the radius of the glue trace anomaly for the pion and the nucleon from the z expansion. By performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the glue trace anomaly form factors in the infinite momentum frame with no energy transfer, we also obtain their spatial distributions for several valence quark masses. The results are qualitatively extrapolated to the physical valence pion mass with systematic errors from the unphysical sea quark mass, discretization effects in the renormalization sum rule, and finite-volume effects to be addressed in the future. We find the pion’s form factor changes sign, as does its spatial distribution, for light quark masses. This explains how the trace anomaly contribution to the pion mass approaches zero toward the chiral limit.
Note:
  • This is the version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
  • pi: mass
  • quark: valence
  • quark: mass
  • tensor: energy-momentum
  • hadron: mass generation
  • hadron: mass
  • dimension: 2
  • fermion: domain wall
  • momentum: infinite
  • symmetry breaking: conformal