Geometric perfect fluids and the dark side of the Universe - INSPIRE

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Geometric perfect fluids and the dark side of the Universe

Jan 18, 2024

27 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.D 110 (2024) 2, 024073

Published: Jul 15, 2024

e-Print:

2401.09784 [gr-qc]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevD.110.024073 (publication)

View in:

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Abstract: (APS)

Recently we showed that in Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology, the contribution from higher curvature terms in any generic metric gravity theory to the energy-momentum tensor is of the perfect fluid form. Such a geometric perfect fluid can be interpreted as a fluid remaining from the beginning of the Universe where the string theory is thought to be effective. Just a short time after the beginning of the Universe, it is known that the Einstein-Hilbert action is assumed to be modified by adding all possible curvature invariants. We propose that the observed late-time accelerating expansion of the Universe can be solely driven by this geometric fluid. To support our claim, we specifically study the quadratic gravity field equations in

D

dimensions. We show that the field equations of this theory for the FLRW metric possess a geometric perfect fluid source containing two critical parameters

σ_{1}

and

σ_{2}

. To analyze this theory concerning its parameter space

(σ_{1}, σ_{2})

, we obtain the general second-order nonlinear differential equation governing the late-time dynamics of the deceleration parameter

q

. Hence, using some present-day cosmological data as our initial conditions, our findings for the

σ_{2} = 0

case are as follows: (i) To have a positive energy density for the geometric fluid

ρ_{g}

, the parameter

σ_{1}

must be negative for all dimensions up to

D = 11

. (ii) For a suitable choice of

σ_{1}

, the deceleration parameter experiences signature changes in the past and future, and in the meantime it lies within a negative range, which means that the current observed accelerated expansion phase of the Universe can be driven solely by the curvature of the spacetime. (iii)

q

experiences a signature change, and as the dimension

D

of spacetime increases, this signature change happens at earlier and later times, in the past and future, respectively.

Note:

27 pages, 4 figures, published version

expansion: acceleration
tensor: energy-momentum
gravitation: metric
action: Einstein-Hilbert
field equations: gravitation
curvature: high
differential equations: nonlinear
energy: density
fluid
signature

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Figures(4)

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