Neutron tagging can greatly reduce spallation backgrounds in Super-Kamiokande - INSPIRE

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Neutron tagging can greatly reduce spallation backgrounds in Super-Kamiokande

Obada Nairat
(
- Ohio State U., CCAPP and
- Ohio State U.
)
,
John F. Beacom
(
)
,
Shirley Weishi Li
(
- UC, Irvine
)

Sep 16, 2024

14 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.D 111 (2025) 2, 023014

Published: Jan 8, 2025

e-Print:

2409.10611 [hep-ph]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevD.111.023014 (publication)

Report number:

UCI-HEP-TR-2024-16

View in:

ADS Abstract Service

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Abstract: (APS)

Super-Kamiokande’s spallation backgrounds—the delayed beta decays of nuclides following cosmic-ray muons—are nearly all produced by the small fraction of muons with hadronic showers. We show that these hadronic showers also produce neutrons; their captures can be detected with high efficiency due to the recent addition of dissolved gadolinium to Super-Kamiokande. We show that new cuts based on the neutron tagging of showers could reduce spallation backgrounds by a factor of at least four beyond present cuts. With further work, this could lead to a near elimination of detector backgrounds above about 6 MeV, which would significantly improve the sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande. These findings heighten the importance of adding gadolinium to Hyper-Kamiokande, which is at a shallower depth. Further, a similar approach could be used in other detectors, for example, the JUNO liquid-scintillator detector, which is also at a shallower depth.

Note:

Main text is 14 pages. Minor changes to match the published version

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Figures(23)

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