Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT - INSPIRE

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Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT

KM3NeT

Collaboration

•

S. Aiello
(
- INFN, Catania and
- Catania U. and
- Catania, CSFNSM
)

Feb 12, 2025

7 pages

Published in:

Nature 638 (2025) 8050, 376-382

Published: Feb 12, 2025

DOI:

10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1

Experiments:

KM3NeT

View in:

HAL Science Ouverte

reference search36 citations

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Abstract: (Springer)

The detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above a teraelectronvolt (TeV) offers a unique exploration into astrophysical phenomena

^{1, 2–3}

. Electrically neutral and interacting only by means of the weak interaction, neutrinos are not deflected by magnetic fields and are rarely absorbed by interstellar matter: their direction indicates that their cosmic origin might be from the farthest reaches of the Universe. High-energy neutrinos can be produced when ultra-relativistic cosmic-ray protons or nuclei interact with other matter or photons, and their observation could be a signature of these processes. Here we report an exceptionally high-energy event observed by KM3NeT, the deep-sea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea

^{4}

, which we associate with a cosmic neutrino detection. We detect a muon with an estimated energy of

12{0}_{-60}^{+110}

petaelectronvolts (PeV). In light of its enormous energy and near-horizontal direction, the muon most probably originated from the interaction of a neutrino of even higher energy in the vicinity of the detector. The cosmic neutrino energy spectrum measured up to now

^{5, 6–7}

falls steeply with energy. However, the energy of this event is much larger than that of any neutrino detected so far. This suggests that the neutrino may have originated in a different cosmic accelerator than the lower-energy neutrinos, or this may be the first detection of a cosmogenic neutrino

^{8}

, resulting from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with background photons in the Universe.

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