The GEM photomultiplier operated with noble gas mixtures

Buzulutskov, A.; Shekhtman, Lev I.; Breskin, A.; Chechik, R.; Garty, G.; Sauli, F.

doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01011-6

The GEM photomultiplier operated with noble gas mixtures

A. Buzulutskov
(
- Novosibirsk, IYF
)
,
Lev I. Shekhtman
(
- Novosibirsk, IYF
)
,
A. Breskin
(
- Weizmann Inst.
)
,
R. Chechik
(
- Weizmann Inst.
)
,
G. Garty
(
- Weizmann Inst.
)

2000

17 pages

Published in:

Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A 443 (2000) 164-180

DOI:

10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01011-6

View in:

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Abstract: (Elsevier)

We present the results of detailed investigations of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based photomultiplier, consisting of a solid CsI photocathode coupled to a cascade of GEM elements. The detector is filled with non-ageing mixtures based on noble gases: Ar, Ne, Ar+Ne, Ar+Xe, Ar+CH 4 and Ar+N 2 . Very high gas gains, reaching 10 6 , and rather fast anode pulses, of a width of 10 ns, were observed in some mixtures. Various phenomena and physical processes, found to affect the device operation, are discussed here: additional gain due to secondary scintillation; mixtures with enhanced ionization efficiency; improvement of pulse-height resolution due to avalanche confinement in the GEM holes; avalanche extension outside the GEM holes; gain limitation due to ion feedback and charging-up of GEM electrodes; photoelectron backscattering.

photon: counters and detectors
drift chamber: gas
gas electron multiplier
drift chamber: avalanche
photomultiplier
argon
neon
xenon
organic compounds
nitrogen

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