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Constraints on Off-Axis Gamma-Ray Burst Jets in Type Ibc Supernovae from Late-Time Radio Observations

Feb, 2004
Published in:
  • Astrophys.J.Lett. 607 (2004) L13
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Abstract: (arXiv)
It has been suggested that the peculiar properties of the luminous Type Ic supernova SN 1998bw and its low-energy gamma-ray burst GRB 980425 may be understood if they originated in a standard gamma-ray burst explosion viewed far from the axis of the relativistic jet. In this scenario, strong radio emission is predicted from the jet on a timescale 1 to 10 years after the explosion as it decelerates and spreads into our line of sight. To test this hypothesis we have carried out late-time radio observations of SN 1998bw at t=5.6t=5.6 years, yielding upper limits which are consistent with the continued fading of the supernova. We find these limits to be consistent with an off-axis jet only if the progenitor mass loss rate is M˙≲4×10−7\dot{M}\lesssim 4 \times 10^{-7} M⊙_\odot yr−1^{-1} (for a wind velocity vw=1000v_w=1000 km s−1^{-1}) or the fraction of the shock energy in magnetic fields is ϵB≲10−3\epsilon_B \lesssim 10^{-3}. These values are low relative to those inferred for cosmological GRBs. We combine the SN 1998bw measurements with existing observations for a sample of 15 local Type Ibc supernovae to estimate that at most 6% produce collimated, relativistic outflows.
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