Curvature effects in gamma ray burst colliding shells

Mar, 2004
12 pages
Published in:
  • Astrophys.J. 614 (2004) 284-292
e-Print:

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Abstract: (arXiv)
An elementary kinematic model for emission produced by relativistic spherical colliding shells is studied. The case of a uniform blast-wave shell with jet opening angle θj1/Γ\theta_j \gg 1/\Gamma is considered, where Γ\Gamma is the Lorentz factor of the emitting shell. The shell, with comoving width Δr\Delta r^\prime, is assumed to be illuminated for a comoving time Δt\Delta t^\prime and to radiate a broken power-law νLν\nu L_\nu spectrum peaking at comoving photon energy \e_{pk,0}^{\prime}. Synthetic GRB pulses are calculated, and the relation between energy flux and internal comoving energy density is quantified. Curvature effects dictate that the measured νFν\nu F_\nu flux at the measured peak photon energy \e_{pk} is proportional to \e^3_{pk} in the declining phase of a GRB pulse. Possible reasons for discrepancy with observations are discussed, including adiabatic and radiative cooling processes that extend the decay timescale, a nonuniform jet, or the formation of pulses by external shock processes. A prediction of a correlation between prompt emission properties and times of the optical afterglow beaming breaks is made for a cooling model, which can be tested with Swift.
Note:
  • 13 pages, 5 figures, added back-of-envelope estimate of curvature relation, minor corrections, ApJ, in press, v. 614, 10 Oct 2004
  • gamma rays: bursts
  • gamma rays: theory
  • radiation mechanisms: nonthermal