CP1 + U(1) lattice gauge theory in three dimensions: Phase structure, spins, gauge bosons, and instantons

Apr, 2005
17 pages
Published in:
  • Phys.Rev.B 72 (2005) 075112
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Abstract: (arXiv)
In this paper we study a 3D lattice spin model of CP1^1 Schwinger-bosons coupled with dynamical compact U(1) gauge bosons. The model contains two parameters: the gauge coupling and the hopping parameter of CP1^1 bosons. At large (weak) gauge couplings, the model reduces to the classical O(3) (O(4)) spin model with long-range and/or multi-spin interactions. It is also closely related to the recently proposed Ginzburg-Landau theory for quantum phase transitions of s=1/2s=1/2 quantum spin systems on a 2D square lattice at zero temperature. We numerically study the phase structure of the model by calculating specific heat, spin correlations, instanton density, and gauge-boson mass. The model has two phases separated by a critical line of second-order phase transition: O(3) spin-ordered phase and spin-disordered phase. The spin-ordered phase is the Higgs phase of U(1) gauge dynamics, whereas the disordered phase is the confinement phase. We find a crossover in the confinement phase which separates dense and dilute regions of instantons. On the critical line, spin excitations are gapless, but the gauge-boson mass is {\it nonvanishing}. This indicates that a confinement phase is realized on the critical line. To confirm this point, we also study the noncompact version of the model. A possible realization of a deconfinement phase on the criticality is discussed for the CPN^N+U(1) model with larger NN.
  • lattice field theory
  • gauge field theory: U(1)
  • field theoretical model: CP(1)
  • dimension: 3
  • critical phenomena
  • symmetry: O(3)
  • spin: correlation
  • gauge boson: mass
  • instanton: density
  • confinement