Possible origin of CMB temperature fluctuations: Vacuum fluctuations of Kaluza-Klein and string states during inflationary era

We point out that the temperature fluctuations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be generated in a way that is different from the one usually assumed in slow-roll inflation. Our mechanism is based on vacuum fluctuations of fields which are at rest at the bottom of the potential, such as Kaluza-Klein modes or string excited states. When there are a large number (typically of order

N\sim 10^{14}

) of fields with small mass in unit of Hubble parameter during the inflationary era, this effect can give significant contributions to the CMB temperature fluctuations. This number

N

makes it possible to enhance scalar perturbation relative to tensor perturbation. Comparison with the observed amplitudes suggests that models with string scale of order

10^{-5}

of 4D Planck scale are favorable.

Note:

32 pages, 7 figures/ v2: Corrected minor misprints in Appendix. Added references/ v3: Added discussion about reheating in Subsection 5.1. Added references. Final version to appear in PRD

11.25.-w
98.80.Qc
04.62.+v
98.80.Cq
cosmic background radiation: fluctuation
Kaluza-Klein
inflation
power spectrum: scalar
power spectrum: tensor
string: fluctuation

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