Detecting primordial gravitational waves with circular polarization of the redshifted 21 cm line. I. Formalism - INSPIRE

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Detecting primordial gravitational waves with circular polarization of the redshifted 21 cm line. I. Formalism

Christopher M. Hirata
(
- Ohio State U. and
- Ohio State U., CCAPP
)
,
Abhilash Mishra
(
- Caltech
)
,
Tejaswi Venumadhav
(
- Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study
)

Jul 11, 2017

21 pages

Published in:

Phys.Rev.D 97 (2018) 10, 103521

Published: May 22, 2018

e-Print:

1707.03513 [astro-ph.CO]

DOI:

10.1103/PhysRevD.97.103521

View in:

ADS Abstract Service

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Abstract: (APS)

We propose a new method to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r using the circular polarization of the 21 cm radiation from the pre-reionization epoch. Our method relies on the splitting of the F=1 hyperfine level of neutral hydrogen due to the quadrupole moment of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We show that unlike the Zeeman effect, where MF=±1 have opposite energy shifts, the CMB quadrupole shifts MF=±1 together relative to MF=0. This splitting leads to a small circular polarization of the emitted 21 cm radiation. In this paper (Paper I in a series on this effect), we present calculations on the microphysics behind this effect, accounting for all processes that affect the hyperfine transition. We conclude with an analytic formula for the circular polarization from the Dark Ages as a function of pre-reionization parameters and the value of the remote quadrupole of the CMB. We also calculate the splitting of the F=1 hyperfine level due to other anisotropic radiation sources and show that they are not dominant. In a companion paper (Paper II) we make forecasts for measuring the tensor-to-scalar ratio r using future radio arrays.

Note:

20 pages, significantly expanded description of the effect; matches PRD accepted version

98.70.Vc
98.62.Ra
98.80.Bp
radiation: anisotropy
gravitational radiation: primordial
cosmic background radiation: polarization
Zeeman effect
cosmological model
statistical analysis
numerical methods

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Figures(0)

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