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Freeze-in produced dark matter in the ultra-relativistic regime

S. Biondini
(
- Basel U.
)
,
J. Ghiglieri
(
- SUBATECH, Nantes
)

Dec 16, 2020

43 pages

Published in:

JCAP 03 (2021) 075

e-Print:

2012.09083 [hep-ph]

DOI:

10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/075 (publication)

View in:

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Abstract: (arXiv)

When dark matter particles only feebly interact with plasma constituents in the early universe, they never reach thermal equilibrium. As opposed to the freeze-out mechanism, where the dark matter abundance is determined at

T \ll M

, the energy density of a feebly interacting state builds up and increases over

T \gtrsim M

. In this work, we address the impact of the high-temperature regime on the dark matter production rate, where the dark and Standard Model particles are ultra-relativistic and nearly light-like. In this setting, multiple soft scatterings, as well as

2 \to 2

processes, are found to give a large contribution to the production rate. Within the model we consider in this work, namely a Majorana fermion dark matter of mass

M

accompanied by a heavier scalar

-

with mass splitting

\Delta M

-

which shares interactions with the visible sector, the energy density can be dramatically underestimated when neglecting the high-temperature dynamics. We find that the overall effective

1 \leftrightarrow 2

and

2 \to2

high-temperature contributions to dark-matter production give

\mathcal{O}(10)

(20\%) corrections for

\Delta M /M =0.1

(

\Delta M /M =10

) to the Born production rate with in-vacuum masses and matrix elements. We also assess the impact of bound-state effects on the late-time annihilations of the heavier scalar, in the context of the super-WIMP mechanism.

Note:

43 pages, 14 figures, journal version

dark matter: production
energy: density
dark matter: mass
fermion: dark matter
bound state: effect
fermion: Majorana
mass difference
annihilation
freeze-out
scattering

References(96)

Figures(20)

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