Probing Cosmology with 92 Localized Fast Radio Bursts and DESI BAO

Jan 15, 2025
15 pages
Published in:
  • Astrophys.J. 981 (2025) 1, 9
  • Published: Feb 21, 2025
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Abstract: (IOP)
Recent baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration, combined with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and type Ia supernovae observations, suggest a preference for dynamical dark energy (DDE) with w0_{0} > −1 and wa_{a} < 0. Given the cosmological origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), the combination of their dispersion measures (DMs) and host galaxy redshifts makes localized FRBs a valuable tool for probing cosmology. Using an updated sample of 92 localized FRBs, along with DESI BAO, PlantheonPlus, and CMB data, we constrain the dark energy (DE) equation of state (EoS) under the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder parameterization. We find that even without incorporating CMB data, DDE remains preferred with w0=−0.855−0.084+0.084and wa=−1.174−0.491+0.462at a confidence level of  ∼2.5σ. A joint analysis constrains these to be w0=−0.784−0.064+0.064and wa=−0.872−0.278+0.269, showing a discrepancy with ΛCDM at a  ∼3.1σ level. Furthermore, using localized FRBs alone, we estimate the Hubble constant H0_{0} to be 69.04−2.07+2.30and 75.61−2.07+2.23kms−1Mpc−1, assuming the Galactic electron density models to be NE2001 and YMW16, respectively. Thus, accurate accounting of the Galactic DM is crucial for resolving the Hubble tension with FRBs. Future BAO measurements, next-generation CMB experiments, and more localized FRBs will further constrain the DE EoS and the cosmological parameters.
Note:
  • 15 pages, 5 figures, and 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ